Clinical characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality and hospital admission during the first two epidemic waves in 5 rural provinces in Indonesia: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical characteristics and severity from resource-limited settings are limited. This study examined clinical characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation in rural settings of Indonesia, from 1 January to 31 July, 2021. METHODS: This retrospective cohort included individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 based on polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen diagnostic test, from five rural provinces in Indonesia. We extracted demographic and clinical data, including hospitalisation and mortality from a new piloted COVID-19 information system named Sistem Informasi Surveilans Epidemiologi (SISUGI). We used mixed-effect logistic regression to examine factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalisation. RESULTS: Of 6,583 confirmed cases, 205 (3.1%) died and 1,727 (26.2%) were hospitalised. The median age was 37 years (Interquartile range 26-51), with 825 (12.6%) under 20 years, and 3,371 (51.2%) females. Most cases were symptomatic (4,533; 68.9%); 319 (4.9%) had a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia and 945 (14.3%) presented with at least one pre-existing comorbidity. Age-specific mortality rates were 0.9% (2/215) for 0-4 years; 0% (0/112) for 5-9 years; 0% (1/498) for 10-19 years; 0.8% (11/1,385) for 20-29 years; 0.9% (12/1,382) for 30-39 years; 2.1% (23/1,095) for 40-49 years; 5.4% (57/1,064) for 50-59 years; 10.8% (62/576) for 60-69 years; 15.9% (37/232) for ≥70 years. Older age, pre-existing diabetes, chronic kidney disease, liver diseases, malignancy, and pneumonia were associated with higher risk of mortality and hospitalisation. Pre-existing hypertension, cardiac diseases, COPD, and immunocompromised condition were associated with risk of hospitalisation but not with mortality. There was no association between province-level density of healthcare workers with mortality and hospitalisation. CONCLUSION: The risk of COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalisation was associated with higher age, pre-existing chronic comorbidities, and clinical pneumonia. The findings highlight the need for prioritising enhanced context-specific public health action to reduce mortality and hospitalisation risk among older and comorbid rural populations.

Time to Play in Javanese Preschool Children-An Examination of Screen Time and Playtime before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This comparative-descriptive multi-national research examined the screen time and playtime of preschool children aged 1-6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents reported on the play and screen habits of preschool-aged children on the weekday and weekends using a questionnaire on the lifestyle habits of their children. Results indicated a significant difference in screen time and playtime on the weekday and weekend before the pandemic (screen time: 1.91 ± 2.40 vs. 2.16 ± 2.60 h; playtime: 3.55 ± 2.49 vs. 4.11 ± 2.58 h, both p < 0.05), but during the COVID-19 pandemic, only the weekday-weekend difference in screen time was significantly different (screen time: 2.87 ± 3.15 vs. 3.26 ± 3.18 h, p < 0.05; playtime: 3.25 ± 3.41 vs. 3.48 ± 2.41, p > 0.05). Before- and during-COVID-19 comparisons showed that the average daily screen time increased by 150% from 2.04 h to 3.06 h (p < 0.05), while the average play time decreased by 12.3% (3.83 to 3.36 h, p < 0.05). Based upon international guidelines for movement behaviours of young children, special attention and actions are needed to manage the excessive daily screen time and preserve the average daily playtime of Javanese preschool children. These results present useful benchmarking data for parents, teachers, and health authorities to initiate ameliorative interventions to better balance children's screen time and playtime as Indonesia emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic to a COVID-19 endemic.

Peran Kodim 0316/Batam dalam menjaga stabilitas pembangunan di era adaptasi kebiasaan baru

The involvement of Kodim 0316/Batam in a situation of global health crisis has started since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Indonesia, from the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions to the application of the new normal adaptation phase. The purpose of this research is to find out and describe the role of Kodim 0316/Batam in Maintaining Stability of Development in the Era of Adaptation to New Habits. The method in this study uses qualitative research, in qualitative research using qualitative methods namely observation, interviews and document review. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the Role of Kodim 0316/ Batam in Maintaining Stability of Development in the New Habit Adaptation Era, the Preventive Role in the preventive action of the Kodim unit has carried out socialization to the community about life in the AKB era in order to maintain the stability of the success of national development, Persuasive Role through the persuasive action of the Kodim unit in carrying out policing operations and enforcing community discipline regarding life in the AKB era in order to maintain the stability of national development, the Repressive Role of Kodim 0316/Batam in maintaining and maintaining conduciveness for the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB), empowering regional potentials as part from the guidance and empowerment of the defense area, as well as the curative role of Kodim 0316/Batam has been going well. Keterlibatan Kodim 0316/Batam dalam situasi krisis kesehatan global telah dimulai sejak COVID-19 mewabah di Indonesia mulai dari penerapan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar hingga penerapan fase adaptasi new normal. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan Peran Kodim 0316/Batam Dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Pembangunan di Era Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dalam penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu pengamatan wawancara dan penelaahan dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran kodim 0316/batam dalam menjaga stabilitas pembangunan di era adaptasi kebiasaan baru peran preventif dalam tindakan preventif satuan kodim sudah melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang kehidupan di era AKB dalam rangka menjaga stabilitas keberhasilan pembangunan nasional Peran Persuasif Melalui tindakan persuasif satuan kodim dalam melakukan operasi penertiban dan penegakan disiplin masyarakat tentang kehidupan di era AKB dalam rangka menjaga stabilitas pembangunan nasional Peran Represif Kodim 0316/Batam dalam menjaga dan memelihara kondusifitas pelaksanaan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) melakukan pemberdayaan potensi wilayah sebagai bagian dari pembinaan dan pemberdayaan wilayah pertahanan serta Peran Kuratif Kodim 0316/Batam sudah berjalan dengan baik.

Edukasi pencegahan COVID-19 secara daring untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa

Persentase mahasiswa Jurusan IKM FIK UNNES yang memahami dan menjalankan protokol kesehatan sebesar 69%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa setelah diberikan edukasi pencegahan COVID-19. Studi ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest design. Responden penelitian ini adalah 286 mahasiswa yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Pemberian edukasi sebanyak 6 kali selama 6 minggu pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2020. Data pretest dan pottest dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Skor pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi pertama hingga keenam menunjukkan adanya perbedaan (nilai p<0,01). Skor pengetahuan sebelum edukasi sebesar 44,12+12,52 meningkat menjadi 60,74+11,69 setelah edukasi. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada skor pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi pencegahan COVID-19 secara daring pada mahasiswa. Keywords: COVID-19, Education, Students The percentage of students who understand and implement health protocols was 69%. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in knowledge of COVID-19 in students after being given education on prevention of COVID-19. This study was a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest posttest design. The respondents of this study were 286 students who were selected by simple random sampling technique. Health education was given 6 times for 6 weeks. Pretest and pottest data were analyzed by paired t-test. Knowledge scores before and after the first to sixth education showed a difference (p value <0.01). Knowledge score before education was 44.12+12.52 increased to 60.74+11.69 after education. The conclusion of this study was that there was a significant difference in knowledge scores before and after online COVID-19 prevention education among students

Survei aktivitas Work From Home pada mahasiswa

Provinsi Jawa Tengah, terutama Kota Semarang menjadi salah satu kota yang mengalami kenaikan kasus COVID-19 sangat signifikan dan cepat. Aktivitas perkuliahan seluruh mahasiswa diberlakukan secara daring. Tujuan studi ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas work from home (WFH) pada mahasiswa Jurusan IKM UNNES. Survei ini menggunakan desain cross sectional kepada mahasiswa Prodi Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Prodi Gizi UNNES. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah menyediakan data dan informasi tentang aktivitas selama Work From Home (WFH) dan aktivitas yang melibatkan banyak orang. Sampel dalam survei ini sebanyak 614 mahasiswa. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 80% mahasiswa melakukan aktivitas WFH secara produktif dan tetap berada di rumah, sedangkan 20% mahasiswa masih melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah yang berisiko. Keywords: Policy brief, eHealth, Literacy, Work From Home Central Java Province, especially Semarang City, is one of the cities that has experienced a very significant and rapid increase in COVID-19 cases. Lecture activities for all students were carried out online. The aim of this study was to find out work from home (WFH) activities among Public Health UNNES students. This survey used a cross sectional design for students from the Public Health Study Program and the UNNES Nutrition Study Program during July-September 2020. The purpose of this activity is to provide data and information about activities during Work From Home (WFH) and activities that involve many people. The sample in this survey was 614 students. The data collected were analyzed descriptively. Based on the survey results, 80% of students who did WFH activities productively and remained at home, while 20% of students still carried out risky activities outside the home. The conclusion of this study is that not all students carry out activities that comply with health protocols.

Efektivitas buku saku elektronik tentang pencegahan COVID-19 terhadap pengetahuan dosen, karyawan, dan mahasiswa di lingkungan kampus

Kebijakan WFH saat pandemi dapat memberikan dampak negatif seperti kecemasan stres psikologis depresi hingga gangguan tidur. Selain itu, sebanyak 40% mahasiswa tidak mengetahui cara penularan dan pencegahan COVID-19. Edukasi melalui media yang inovatif terbukti dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas buku saku elektronik tentang pencegahan COVID-19 terhadap pengetahuan di lingkungan kampus. Studi ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest design. Subjek diberi intervensi berupa buku saku elektronik seri tetap produktif dan seri tetap sehat. Buku saku ini berbentuk elektronik sehingga dapat dibawa dan dibaca dimana saja saat membuka smartphone. Sampel adalah dosen, karyawan, dan mahasiswa Fakultas llmu Keolahragaan UNNES sebesar 398 orang. Data dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Skor pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian buku seri 1 dan 2 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan (p<001). Skor pengetahuan sebelum sebesar 66,21+9,42 meningkat menjadi 85,31+13,21 setelah pemberian buku saku seri 1 dan 2. Terdapat perbedaan skor pengetahuan tentang pencegahan COVID-19 yang bermakna antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi buku saku elektronik seri tetap produktif dan seri tetap sehat. WFH policy during a pandemic might have negative impacts such as anxiety psychological stress depression and sleep disturbances. In addition, 40% of students do not know COVID-19 transmission and precaution. Education through innovative media is proven to increase knowledge. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the electronic pocketbook on knowledge of COVID-19 precaution in the campus environment. It was a quasi-experimental with one group pretest posttest design. Subjects were given an intervention in the form of an electronic pocketbook to stay productive (serie 1) and to stay healthy (serie 2). This pocketbook was in electronic form so that it can be carried and read anywhere when opening a smartphone. The sample was 398 lecturers’ employees and students of the Faculty of Sports Science UNNES. Data were analyzed by paired t test. Knowledge scores before and after giving electronic pocketbooks series 1 and 2 showed a difference (p<0.01). The prior knowledge score of 66.21+9.42 increased to 85.31+13.21 after giving pocketbooks series 1 and 2. There was a significant difference in knowledge scores about COVID-19 precaution between before and after being given an electronic pocketbook intervention. Keywords: Electronic pocketbooks, COVID-19

Strategi dalam tindakan pencegahan COVID-19 melalui surveilans dan promosi kesehatan

Indonesia is in danger because of the low awareness of the community to carry out social and physical distancing so that it can cause the spread of the virus to become increasingly difficult to control. Escalation of COVID-19 cases as of May 12, 2020 in Central Java was 66 deaths 980 confirmed and 229 recovered. One of the recommendations of the Ministry of Health in dealing with the COVID-19 epidemic is to carry out surveillance and response to COVID-19 extraordinary events. Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) implemented the recommendation by conducted periodic surveillance which was used to detect COVID-19 earlier during outbreak period. Students and employees filled out the COVID-19 vigilance surveillance form online. Then data analysis contact tracing / follow-up and dissemination of COVID-19 vigilance surveillance results were carried out. A total of 8360 respondents in two period have filled out the vigilance surveillance form. A total of 75.41% had no symptoms 10.28% had a cough and 1.21% had a history of fever > 38‚°C. Based on surveys of comorbidities as many as 1.32% have a history of hypertension and as much as 1.32% have asthma. Based on risk factors as much as 7.78% had visited health facilities as patients or visitors as many as 1.38% of respondents had a history of close contact with People Under Monitoring (in first period). As many as 0.90% had visited other countries and 38.44% had visited other cities / regencies. We conclude that the majority of respondents have no symptoms do not have concomitant conditions and have no risk factors for exposure to COVID-19. This survey can be used to measure prevention and early detection of COVID-19. It is necessary to deepen epidemiological and clinical characteristics as a more comprehensive step for screening respondents. Keywords: COVID-19 Surveillance Preventive Measures